抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春40号选育报告

陇春40号是甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所以陇春8139/陇春8号为母本、68-73-20为父本杂交，经系谱法选育而成的抗旱、丰产春小麦新品种。2016 — 2017 年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验，2 a 10 点(次)平均折合产量2 625.45 kg/hm2，较对照品种西旱2号增产10.39%。2018 年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验，5 试点平均折合产量为2 206.35 kg/hm2，较对照品种西旱2号增产23.09%。陇春40号属春性中早熟普通小麦，生育期 100 d，平均株高 87 cm，平均穗粒数24.5 粒，千粒重 43.79 g，容重 780 g/L。穗长方形，红粒角质。籽粒含粗蛋白(干基)156.4 g/kg、湿面筋352 g/kg，面团吸水率61.3 mL/100 g。抗病性强，抗旱、耐瘠薄，落黄好。适宜在甘肃中部旱地春麦类型区及生态类似地区种植。     

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

发酵全混合日粮对肉羊消化吸收功能和生长性能的影响研究

旨在探讨添加混合微生物菌剂的发酵全混合日粮(Fermented total mixed ration，FTMR)对肉羊营养物质消化吸收功能和生长性能的影响。通过发酵和肉羊饲喂试验，测定了FTMR的品质变化、营养物质表观消化率、肉羊瘤胃发酵情况及日增重。结果表明:1)全混合日粮发酵后pH和中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低，乳酸和乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)；2)试验组肉羊瘤胃液pH显著降低，氨态氮含量降低50%以上(P<0.05)；粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)的利用率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，尤其是ADL利用率提高了29.92%(P<0.05)。3)试验组平均日增重较对照组提高50%。综上，混合微生物菌剂加入全混合日粮发酵后，适口性增强，可改善肉羊瘤胃液环境，提高肉羊的消化吸收功能和生长性能，有利于提高秸秆饲料化利用效率。     

南疆植被总初级生产力对区域降水的响应规律

为研究总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)对区域降水的响应规律,本研究通过对南疆地区喀什、阿克苏、和田3个市2000—2014年的GPP进行分析,得出GPP的时空分布规律,进而与2000—2011年同期的降水进行耦合分析,以探寻植被GPP与降水之间的响应关系,从而为南疆地区植被生态保持和可持续发展提供依据。结果表明:1)从时间尺度来看,GPP呈现出与季节相关的波动性,年均GPP的极值点基本出现在每年的7月;2)在空间分布上,和田地区的GPP在空间上呈现北低南高的空间格局,阿克苏地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,并且在数值上存在较大的差异性,喀什地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,西北部GPP分布比较集中并有较高的值;3)变化趋势上,和田地区呈现上升趋势、阿克苏地区整体比较稳定、喀什地区呈现上升的趋势;4)研究区域内GPP与降水之间均为正相关关系。当降水滞后1个月时,和田及喀什GPP与降水之间的相关系数显著提高,但是阿克苏地区没有表现出时滞性,说明响应关系更加明显。     

A deep-level region-based visual representation architecture for detecting strawberry flowers in an outdoor field

Precision Agriculture - An accurate and robust strawberry flower representation and detection scheme is a key step to enable the reliable forecasting of fruit yield for use in precision...     

Delineating site-specific management zones on pasture soil using a probabilistic and objective model and geostatistical techniques

Precision Agriculture - In recent years, different algorithms have been utilised to delineate management zones, areas with similar properties, within agricultural fields. However, there are few...     

Possibility of Reducing Soil Allelotoxicity for Grain Crops

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of experiments on possible reduction of soil allelotoxicity level for grain crops are presented. It was found that autoclaving of soils significantly reduces...     

Application of Geoelectric Methods for Mapping Soil Heterogeneity

Eurasian Soil Science - Application of a set of electrical methods used in geophysics—direct current resistance and induced polarization—for the purposes of mapping soil heterogeneity...     

Macroalgal meadow habitats support fish and fisheries in diverse tropical seascapes

Canopy‐forming macroalgae can construct extensive meadow habitats in tropical seascapes occupied by fishes that span a diversity of taxa, life‐history stages and ecological roles. Our synthesis assessed whether these tropical macroalgal habitats have unique fish assemblages, provide fish nurseries and support local fisheries. We also applied a meta‐analysis of independent surveys across 23 tropical reef locations in 11 countries to examine how macroalgal canopy condition is related to the abundance of macroalgal‐associated fishes. Over 627 fish species were documented in tropical macroalgal meadows, with 218 of these taxa exhibiting higher local abundance within this habitat (cf. nearby coral reef) during at least one life‐history stage. Major overlap (40%–43%) in local fish species richness among macroalgal and seagrass or coral reef habitats suggest macroalgal meadows may provide an important habitat refuge. Moreover, the prominence of juvenile fishes suggests macroalgal meadows facilitate the triphasic life cycle of many fishes occupying diverse tropical seascapes. Correlations between macroalgal canopy structure and juvenile abundance suggests macroalgal habitat condition can influence levels of replenishment in tropical fish populations, including the majority of macroalgal‐associated fishes that are targeted by commercial, subsistence or recreational fisheries. While many macroalgal‐associated fishery species are of minor commercial value, their local importance for food and livelihood security can be substantial (e.g. up to 60% of landings in Kenyan reef fisheries). Given that macroalgal canopy condition can vary substantially with sea temperature, there is a high likelihood that climate change will impact macroalgal‐associated fish and fisheries.